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Good art should illuminate our experience or reveal truths. (68th BPSC Essay)
The development of human civilization has been deeply influenced by great art. Art is not merely an expression of beauty; it is a powerful medium for illuminating human experiences and unveiling profound truths. As Bhartṛhari wrote in ‘Nītiśatakam’:
“Sāhityasaṅgītakalāvihīnaḥ sākṣātpazuḥ pucchaviṣāṇahīnaḥ। Tṛṇaṁ na khādannapi jīvamānaḥ tadbhāgadheyaṁ paramaṁ paśūnām।।”
(A person devoid of literature, music, and art is akin to a beast without a tail and horns. Even if he is alive, he is no better than an animal.)
This statement reinforces the idea that art is not just for entertainment but serves as a profound medium for communication and refining societal thought.
One of the primary functions of art is to illuminate human experiences. Art manifests human emotions, struggles, and achievements through various forms such as painting, music, dance, literature, and theater. For instance, the ancient paintings found in the caves of Bhimbetka serve as evidence of prehistoric human life, depicting their daily activities and connection with nature.
Similarly, literature has captured the realities and transformations of different eras based on the experiences of its authors. Writers like Tulsidas, Kabir, and Premchand have infused their life experiences into their works, offering a new perspective to society. Great art does not just represent personal experiences; it also reflects collective societal experiences.
Art does not merely illuminate experiences; it also reveals truths—whether social, political, philosophical, or spiritual. Throughout history, humanity has used art as a means to seek and present truth. Indian temple sculptures and architecture, for example, were not created solely for aesthetic purposes but to express profound spiritual and philosophical truths. The sculptures in Ajanta and Ellora caves reveal the core principles of Buddhism and its philosophy.
Theater and cinema have also been powerful mediums for uncovering truths. Bharatamuni, the pioneer of Indian dramaturgy, emphasized this in the ‘Rasa’ theory:
“Na hi rasādṛte kaścidarthaḥ pravartate।।”
(Without aesthetic emotion, no art can be impactful.)
Dramatic performances are not just for entertainment but serve as platforms to establish truth and justice in society. The enactments of Ramleela and Krishnaleela are not merely religious plays but convey deeper moral and philosophical truths.
Art and truth are often intertwined. An artist’s personal experiences lead them toward truth, and when these experiences are artistically expressed, they reveal a deeper reality. For example, Rabindranath Tagore’s poetry is not merely a collection of personal reflections but also conveys universal truths about love, the soul, and devotion to the divine. His work ‘Gitanjali’ expresses profound philosophical insights beyond personal experience. Similarly, Premchand’s stories unveil the social realities of his time, depicting the struggles of the lower classes. His narratives use personal experience to highlight fundamental societal truths.
In the digital age, the mediums and reach of art have evolved, but their purpose remains unchanged. Through social media, films, and online platforms, artists continue to share their experiences and expose hidden truths within society. Documentary films, literary blogs, digital paintings, and online theatrical performances are examples of how art is being redefined in modern times.
Films, in particular, have been instrumental in exposing social inequalities and harsh realities. Satyajit Ray’s ‘Pather Panchali’ portrays the stark reality of poverty, while contemporary films like ‘Pink’ highlight the struggles of women in society.
Thus, it is evident that great art not only illuminates experiences but also reveals truths. It serves as a bridge between personal insights and universal realities, guiding society towards a better understanding of itself. Art is indispensable to human life, as it not only expresses our innermost emotions but also acquaints us with the deeper dimensions of truth.
In today’s fast-paced, materialistic world, the significance of art has only increased. It keeps us connected to our roots, preserves human experiences, and acts as a medium for unveiling societal truths. Therefore, great art is not just a thing of beauty—it is the foundation of civilization, continuously guiding humanity toward light and truth.
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