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Literature is not only a source of knowledge, but also a form of moral and social activity. (68th BPSC Essay)
Literature is not just a means of entertainment or acquiring knowledge; it is also a reflection of society that plays a crucial role in moral and social transformation. It not only reveals the realities of life but also shapes society, establishes moral values, and raises voices against social evils. Literature awakens individuals, inspires introspection, and provides new directions to society. Its impact extends beyond personal knowledge, possessing the power to reform and guide the collective moral and social consciousness.
The primary purpose of literature is to enrich knowledge. It preserves human history, culture, traditions, and various aspects of life. Literary works acquaint us with past events and provide guidance for the future. Literature does not merely convey information; it is also a significant medium for sharing experiences and learning. Epics such as the Mahabharata and Ramayana, as well as fables like Panchatantra and Hitopadesha, are not just religious or moral texts but also embody profound philosophical and practical wisdom. These works introduce us to life’s complexities and inspire us to move in the right direction.
Additionally, literature serves as a repository of scientific and philosophical knowledge. Thinkers and writers such as Plato, Aristotle, Kalidasa, Banabhatta, Tulsidas, Kabir, Nirala, Premchand, Tagore, and Sarat Chandra have infused their writings with intellectual depth. While Premchand’s literature provides insight into rural India’s realities, Sarat Chandra’s works delve into female psychology and societal expectations.
Literature teaches us morality and distinguishes between right and wrong. It instills virtues and strengthens individuals morally. Writers like Mahadevi Verma, Tulsidas, Kabir, Sumitranandan Pant, and Ramdhari Singh Dinkar have promoted moral values through their works. Mahatma Gandhi also recognized the moral power of literature and used his publication Harijan to spread ethical and humanitarian messages. Literature not only helps us differentiate between good and evil but also inspires honesty, duty, and humanity.
The renowned poet Muktibodh once stated:
“Now, we must take all the risks of expression,
We must dismantle all the forts and strongholds.”
This highlights how literature encourages free expression and inspires individuals to stand against injustice.
Literature serves as a mirror to society, highlighting its customs, struggles, and revolutions while inspiring reform. During India’s freedom struggle, literature played a crucial role in awakening national consciousness. Writers such as Bharatendu Harishchandra, Premchand, Subhadra Kumari Chauhan, Ramdhari Singh Dinkar, and Bhagat Singh contributed significantly through their literary works. Dinkar’s poetry inspired revolution, while Premchand’s novels exposed the oppression and injustice prevailing in society.
Literature has also played a significant role in women’s empowerment. Writers like Mahadevi Verma, Amrita Pritam, and Shivani depicted the reality of women’s lives and inspired them to fight for their rights. Literature does not just portray society but also possesses the ability to influence and transform it. It raises voices against oppression, injustice, and inequality, serving as a powerful medium for social change.
Throughout history, literature has challenged prevailing norms and brought about significant societal shifts. Writers have continually documented changes in society and introduced new perspectives through their works. Mahadevi Verma’s literature awakened women’s consciousness, while Dinkar’s poetry inspired social revolution. Premchand’s novel Godan vividly portrays the struggles of farmers, highlighting economic and social disparities.
During the era of monarchy, when no one could question the ruler’s actions, literature played the role of a guiding force. The famous poet Bihari once sent the following verse to a king as a subtle reminder of his duties:
“Neither pollen nor nectar, nor even a bud in bloom,
The bee is trapped in a mere bud—what fate lies ahead?”
This demonstrates how literature has historically served as a means to critique and guide governance.
Thus, literature is not merely a source of knowledge but also a tool for moral and social reform. It connects us to the past, helps us understand the present, and provides direction for the future. Literature possesses the power to shape and transform society, making it not just a means of entertainment but also a crucial instrument for social and moral awakening.
It enables individuals to reflect, understand societal structures, and strive for improvement. Literature and society are interdependent, influencing each other’s progress. As Premchand stated in his essay The Purpose of Literature:
“Literature is not just a means of amusement; it serves a greater purpose. It does not merely narrate tales of love and sorrow, but also contemplates and resolves life’s problems.”
Therefore, literature is not only a source of knowledge but also an essential medium for moral and social activity. It provides direction to our lives, raises awareness in society, and plays a crucial role in social upliftment. Through literature, we can work towards a more developed, ethical, and equitable society.
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