Table of Contents
Chapter 2. From Hunting-Gathering to Growing Food
1. What is the meaning of ‘Aakhet’ (आखेट)?
Answer: C
‘Aakhet’ means hunting, and it was a major feature of the early stages of human life. About two million years ago, the people living in this subcontinent were hunter-gatherers, whose lives were entirely dependent on natural resources. They hunted wild animals to obtain meat, which was an important source of food. Along with this, they also caught fish and birds, which formed a significant part of their diet.
Moreover, they were not dependent only on hunting. They also collected fruits, roots, tubers, seeds, leaves, and eggs from forests. Thus, their life was based on both hunting and gathering. This lifestyle kept them very close to nature and gave them a deep understanding of their environment. They knew which animals were safe to hunt and which plants were edible.
Other options like pastoralists, farmers, and traders belong to later stages of human development. In the context of early humans, the correct meaning of ‘Aakhet’ is ‘hunter’. Therefore, option C is correct.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER 2 PAGE NO.-10)
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2. How did hunter-gatherers obtain their food?
Answer: D
Hunter-gatherers represent a stage of human life in which people depended on multiple sources for food. They were not dependent only on hunting but used a variety of food sources for survival. They hunted wild animals for meat. In addition, they caught fish and birds, which added diversity to their diet.
They also collected fruits, roots, tubers, seeds, leaves, and other forest produce from their surroundings. This gathering was an important and relatively reliable source of food. Hunting was often uncertain, but gathering ensured a more regular food supply.
Thus, their life was not based on a single activity but on both hunting and gathering. This lifestyle shows that they lived in balance with nature and made the best use of available resources. Therefore, all the given options are correct, and “All of the above” is the most appropriate answer.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-2 PAGE NO.-10)
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3. Why did hunter-gatherers move from one place to another?
Answer: D
Hunter-gatherers did not live a settled life; instead, they followed a nomadic lifestyle. There were several reasons why they moved from one place to another. The first reason was the availability of food. If they stayed in one place for too long, the plants, fruits, and animals in that area would get exhausted, forcing them to move to new areas in search of food.
The second reason was related to animals. The animals they hunted also moved from one place to another in search of food and water. Therefore, hunters had to follow them. The third reason was seasonal changes. Different plants and fruits were available in different seasons, so people moved according to seasonal availability.
The fourth and very important reason was water. Water is essential for survival, and not all water sources are available throughout the year. Some rivers and lakes dry up in certain seasons, so people had to move in search of water.
Thus, it is clear that movement was due to multiple reasons, and therefore “All of the above” is the correct answer.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-2 PAGE NO.-10 &11)
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4. For what purposes were tools used?
Answer: D
Tools played a very important role in the lives of early humans because they were essential for their daily activities and survival. Stone tools were among the earliest technological achievements of humans, helping them make their lives easier and safer. These tools were used for a variety of purposes.
They were used to cut fruits and plants, making food collection easier. They were also used to cut the meat and bones of hunted animals. Special tools were used for removing animal skins, which were used for making clothing and shelters.
In addition, some tools were attached to wood or bone to make weapons such as spears and arrows, which were useful for hunting. Tools were also used to cut wood, which was needed for building huts and for fuel.
Thus, tools had multiple uses and were essential in almost every aspect of early human life. Therefore, “All of the above” is the correct answer.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-2 PAGE NO.-11)
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5. Why did early humans search for places where good quality stones were available?
Answer: C
Stone was a very important resource for early humans because tools made from stone were essential for their survival. Without stone tools, it would have been difficult to hunt, cut food, process materials, and perform daily activities. Therefore, people searched for places where good quality stones were available.
These stones were of special types that could be shaped easily into sharp tools. With these tools, humans could hunt more effectively and prepare food efficiently. They also used these tools to cut wood, build shelters, and make other tools.
This also shows that early humans were aware of resource selection and chose locations that would help improve their lives. Stone was not just a material for them but the foundation of their technological development. Therefore, the correct answer is option C.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-2 PAGE NO.-13)
6. The caves of Bhimbetka are related to?
Answer: B
Bhimbetka is one of the major prehistoric archaeological sites in India, located in present-day Madhya Pradesh and near the Narmada Valley. Many caves and rock shelters have been found here, which were used by early humans as places of shelter. The importance of these caves is not limited only to habitation, but they also provide important evidence of the cultural and intellectual development of early humans.
The caves of Bhimbetka are especially famous for their rock paintings. These paintings give us a glimpse of the life of early humans, such as hunting scenes, dancing, depictions of animals and birds, and social activities. These paintings prove that early humans were not limited only to survival, but had also developed artistic expression and communication abilities.
One of the main reasons for living in these caves was natural protection. These caves provided shelter from rain, strong sunlight, and winds. Additionally, since the caves were located at higher elevations, they also provided protection from wild animals.
Thus, Bhimbetka is not only evidence of human habitation but also an important source for understanding their cultural development, art, and lifestyle. Therefore, the correct answer is “Rock paintings.”
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER 2 PAGE NO.-13)
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7. Which of the following statements is NOT correct?
I. A place where remains of tools, pottery, and buildings are found is called an archaeological site.
II. The period in which we find environmental changes is called the Mesolithic Age.
III. Early humans learned to light fire in the Neolithic Age.
IV. Ash remains have been found in the Kurnool caves.
Answer: D
After analyzing all the given statements, it becomes clear that all the statements are correct; therefore, “None of these” is the correct answer.
The first statement correctly defines an archaeological site. An archaeological site is a place where remains such as tools, pottery, and buildings used by early humans are found. These remains provide information about the life, technology, and society of that time.
The second statement is related to the Mesolithic Age, which is considered to be the period between about 12,000 to 10,000 years ago. During this period, significant environmental changes occurred, and there were changes in human life as well, such as the use of small stone tools (microliths).
The third statement is also considered correct because early humans had learned to use fire and used it for various purposes. Although the knowledge of fire existed before the Neolithic Age, in the NCERT context it is accepted as correct.
The fourth statement is also correct because ash remains have been found in the Kurnool caves of Andhra Pradesh, which proves that early humans used fire.
Thus, all the statements are correct.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-2 PAGE NO. 14)
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8. From which archaeological site have ash remains been found?
Answer: B
The Kurnool caves are one of the important archaeological sites in the Indian subcontinent, where ash remains have been discovered. These remains are important evidence that early humans had learned to use fire. The use of fire is considered a revolutionary change in human life because it made cooking food, obtaining light, and ensuring safety possible.
The use of fire brought several important changes in human life. First, humans began to cook meat, which made food safer and easier to digest. In addition, fire provided light during the night, so activities were no longer limited to daytime.
The most important use was for safety. Fire kept wild and dangerous animals away, which helped humans stay secure.
The ash found in the Kurnool caves also shows that early humans were not only using natural resources but had also started controlling them. This was an important step in human development.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-2 PAGE NO.-14)
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9. For what purposes did early humans use fire?
Answer: D
The use of fire was a major achievement in human history, which completely transformed human life. Early humans used fire in many ways, making their lives safer and more comfortable.
First, fire was used for light, allowing activities to continue even at night and reducing fear of darkness. Second, it was used for cooking food. Roasting meat made it tastier and easier to digest, improving human health.
The third important use was for protection. The light and heat of fire kept wild animals away, ensuring safety at their living places. Fire was also used to keep warm in cold conditions.
Thus, the use of fire was multi-dimensional and marked an important stage in human development. Therefore, all the options are correct.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-2 PAGE NO.-14)
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10. What changes occurred in the lives of early humans due to changing climate?
I. Grasslands developed in many regions, increasing the number of animals.
II. Humans began to domesticate animals.
III. Crops like wheat, barley, and rice began to grow naturally in some regions.
IV. Agriculture started 8000 years ago along with animal domestication.
Codes:
Answer: C
About 12,000 years ago, significant climatic changes occurred on Earth, leading to an increase in temperature and major environmental transformations. These changes had a direct impact on human life.
First, grasslands developed in many regions, which led to an increase in animals that depended on grass, such as deer, sheep, goats, and cattle. This increased hunting opportunities and improved food availability for humans.
At the same time, crops like wheat, barley, and rice began to grow naturally in some areas. Early humans started collecting these grains and gradually developed an understanding of how they could be grown. This led to the beginning of agriculture.
Additionally, humans began domesticating animals. The dog was the first animal to be domesticated, followed by others like sheep, goats, and cattle.
However, statement IV is not completely accurate, so the correct answer is I, II, and III.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-2 PAGE NO.-15)
11. Which animal was first domesticated by early humans?
Answer: A
The domestication of animals by early humans was an important development in human history, which helped make life more stable and secure. The first animal that was domesticated was the wild ancestor of the dog.
There were several reasons behind the domestication of the dog. It provided security to humans and helped protect them from wild animals. In addition, it was also useful in hunting, as dogs helped in tracking and chasing prey.
Gradually, humans started domesticating other animals such as sheep, goats, cattle, and pigs. These animals proved useful for food (milk and meat), clothing (wool), and agricultural work (ploughing).
This process shows that humans adapted to nature and adopted new methods to improve their lives. The domestication of the dog symbolizes the beginning of cooperation between humans and animals, which later paved the way for the development of pastoralism and agriculture.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-2 PAGE NO.-14)
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12. Which of the following statements is correct regarding the process of domestication in early times?
I. People selected those plants and animals which were less likely to fall ill.
II. They selected plants with larger grains so that more food could be produced.
III. Animals selected for breeding were usually aggressive in nature.
IV. The earliest crops adopted for agriculture were wheat and barley.
Codes:
Answer: A
Domestication is a very important process in human history, through which humans brought plants and animals under their control and began using them for their needs. Selection played a crucial role in this process. Early humans selected plants and animals that had certain desirable qualities.
The first statement is correct because people selected plants and animals that were less likely to fall ill so that they could survive longer and remain useful. The second statement is also correct because plants with larger grains were preferred, as they produced more food and ensured a better food supply.
The third statement is incorrect because usually calm and non-aggressive animals were selected for breeding, as they were easier to control. Aggressive animals were difficult to domesticate, so they were not preferred.
The fourth statement is correct because wheat and barley were among the earliest crops cultivated in agriculture.
Thus, domestication was a well-thought-out process of selection that played an important role in making human life more settled and organized.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-2 PAGE NO.-16)
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13. When did agriculture begin?
Answer: B
The beginning of agriculture was a major turning point in human history, which completely transformed human life. About 12,000 years ago, when climatic changes occurred and the Earth’s temperature started rising, significant environmental changes took place. Due to these changes, grasslands developed in many regions, and in some places crops like wheat, barley, and rice began to grow naturally.
Early humans initially started collecting these grains. Gradually, they developed an understanding of where these plants grew, in which seasons they ripened, and how they could be cultivated. Based on this experience and observation, they began to grow these crops themselves, which marked the beginning of agriculture.
With the development of agriculture, humans started adopting a settled life. They no longer needed to wander continuously in search of food. This led to the formation of villages and the development of social organization.
Along with this, animal domestication also developed, where humans began to tame animals. Thus, agriculture and pastoralism together laid the foundation of human civilization.
Therefore, agriculture is believed to have begun about 12,000 years ago, which is one of the most significant developments in human history.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-2 PAGE NO.-16)
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14. In early times, in what forms did humans use grains?
Answer: D
The use of grains by early humans was multi-dimensional, which shows that as human life progressed from hunting-gathering to agriculture, their thinking and methods of usage also developed. Grains were not only a source of food but were also related to future planning, social relations, and economic activities.
First, grains were used as food. Crops like wheat, barley, and rice became an important part of daily diet. This provided a stable and regular food supply, which made population growth possible.
In addition, grains were also stored. This was necessary so that they could be used in times of scarcity. People made large clay pots, wove baskets, or dug pits in the ground to store grains safely.
Grains were also used as seeds to grow future crops. At the same time, on a social level, grains were also used as gifts, which became a part of social relations and exchange.
Thus, the use of grains was not limited to a single purpose but was connected to multiple aspects of life. Therefore, “All of the above” is the correct answer.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-2 PAGE NO.-16)
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15. Identify the incorrect statement from the following:
I. Animal husbandry is a method of “food storage.”
II. People stored grains in large clay pots or by digging pits in the ground.
III. Agriculture and animal husbandry began in the Mesolithic Age.
IV. Evidence of farmers and pastoralists is found in the north-western region, modern Kashmir, and eastern and southern India.
Codes:
Answer: B
On analyzing the given statements, it becomes clear that only the third statement is incorrect, while all the others are correct.
The first statement is correct because animal husbandry is indeed considered a method of food storage. When people domesticated animals, they kept them as a living source of food. They provided milk, meat, and other products, ensuring a continuous supply of food.
The second statement is also correct because people used different methods to store grains. They made large clay pots, wove baskets, and dug pits in the ground to store grains for future use.
The third statement is incorrect because agriculture and animal husbandry began in the Neolithic Age, not in the Mesolithic Age. The Mesolithic Age was mainly characterized by hunting and gathering activities, while agriculture developed later.
The fourth statement is correct because archaeological evidence shows that early farmers and pastoralists were found in various regions of the subcontinent, including the north-western region, Kashmir, and eastern and southern India.
Thus, the correct answer is “Only III.”
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-2 PAGE NO.-16 &17)
16. Living in houses built under the ground is called ____________.
Answer: A
Early humans built different types of shelters for living, depending on their environment and needs. One important type of shelter was the ‘pit dwelling’, in which people dug pits in the ground and built their homes inside them. A major example of this is found at Burzahom (present-day Kashmir).
The main reason for constructing pit dwellings was climate and protection. In cold regions, houses built underground remained relatively warm, which helped people protect themselves from severe cold. Additionally, these houses also provided protection from strong winds and snowfall.
Steps were made to go down into these pits, making it possible to move in and out. This shows that early humans had developed technical and architectural skills according to their environment.
Caves and viharas are different types of shelters or structures. Caves are natural formations, while viharas are religious or educational centers. Therefore, the correct term for houses built under the ground is ‘pit dwelling’.
This question shows that early humans were not only dependent on natural resources but also developed different types of shelters to adapt their lives according to their needs.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-2 PAGE NO.-18)
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17. At which place did people live in houses built under the ground?
Answer: C
Burzahom (located in present-day Kashmir) is an important Neolithic site, where unique evidence of early human habitation has been found. The people here lived in houses built under the ground, known as ‘pit dwellings’. This style of housing was suitable for the environmental and climatic conditions of that time, especially in cold regions like Kashmir.
The main purpose of underground houses was protection from cold. The temperature below the ground remains relatively stable, which helps reduce the effect of extreme cold. Additionally, steps were constructed to allow movement in and out of these houses.
Such dwellings show that early humans were not just dependent on natural resources but had also developed technical understanding according to their environment. The evidence from Burzahom also indicates that people had started settling permanently and began constructing planned structures for living.
Other options like Inamgaon, Chirand, and Mehrgarh are also important archaeological sites, but the feature of underground pit dwellings is specifically associated with Burzahom.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-2 PAGE NO.-18)
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18. Which place is known where men and women first learned to grow barley and wheat and domesticate sheep and goats?
Answer: B
Mehrgarh is a very important archaeological site of the Indian subcontinent, located in present-day Balochistan (Pakistan). This site is known for the early development of agriculture and animal domestication. Evidence found here shows that about 8000 years ago, people first began cultivating crops like wheat and barley and learned to domesticate animals such as sheep and goats.
The importance of Mehrgarh also lies in the fact that it represents a major transition from a nomadic lifestyle to a settled life. The people here started farming, which provided them with a regular food supply, and they began settling in one place. Along with this, animal husbandry provided them with additional food sources such as milk and meat.
Archaeological excavations have revealed remains of houses, storage facilities, and tools, indicating that this was a well-developed settlement. This site is extremely important for understanding the early development of human civilization.
Thus, Mehrgarh is known as an early center of agriculture and animal domestication, so the correct answer is option B.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-2 PAGE NO.-19)
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19. Choose the correct statements from the following:
I. Remains of square and rectangular houses have been found at Mehrgarh.
II. After death, relatives showed respect towards the deceased.
Codes:
Answer: C
Mehrgarh is an archaeological site that provides important information about the social, cultural, and economic life of early humans. Remains of square and rectangular houses have been found here, indicating that people had settled permanently and had begun constructing planned dwellings. These houses had several rooms, some of which were likely used for storing grains. This clearly shows that agriculture and storage systems had already developed.
The second statement is also correct because archaeological evidence suggests that people believed in life after death. Therefore, they buried the dead respectfully and placed certain objects with them, such as food or tools. This practice indicates that religious and cultural beliefs had already developed in that society.
Thus, both statements are correct. This question highlights that early humans were not limited to survival alone, but had also developed social and religious ideas.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-2 PAGE NO.-19)
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20. At which site was a goat buried along with a dead person in a grave?
Answer: B
Archaeological evidence from Mehrgarh shows that people there believed in life after death (afterlife). Due to this belief, they buried the dead along with various items such as food, tools, and sometimes even animals.
In one significant discovery, it was found that a goat was buried along with a dead person in a grave. This indicates that people believed the deceased would need food and resources in the afterlife. Therefore, they placed such items with them for use beyond death.
This practice reflects the social and religious beliefs of that time, which were an important part of people’s lives. It also shows that animal husbandry played a significant role, as animals like goats were an important source of food.
Thus, Mehrgarh was not only a center of agriculture and animal domestication but also an important site for the development of social and religious traditions.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-2 PAGE NO.-19,20)
21. Choose the correct statement about an “Archaeological Site”:
Answer: C
An “archaeological site” is a very important concept in the study of history. It refers to a place where remains of objects used by humans in the past are found. These objects may include stone tools, pottery, remains of buildings, bones, etc.
Archaeological sites help us understand how early humans lived, what they ate, what kinds of tools they used, and what their lifestyle was like. These remains may be found on the ground surface, buried underground, or sometimes even at the bottom of rivers or seas.
Options A and B are limited because archaeological sites are not restricted only to religious or royal structures. Option D is also incomplete because archaeological sites contain not only bones but many different types of objects.
Thus, archaeological sites are a major source for reconstructing history, and the correct answer is option C.
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22. Which of the following is the main feature of the “Mesolithic Age”?
Answer: C
The Mesolithic Age is a phase of human history that is considered to have existed approximately between 12,000 and 10,000 years ago. The most important feature of this period was the use of small-sized stone tools known as microliths.
These tools were small in size but very useful. They were often attached to wood or bone to make spears, arrows, saws, etc. This indicates technological progress, where humans began making more precise and efficient tools.
Option A is incorrect because large tools were a feature of the Paleolithic Age. Option B is incorrect because the use of metals began in later periods. Option D is incomplete because agriculture was not fully developed during this period; rather, it was a transitional phase.
Thus, the most important identity of the Mesolithic Age is microliths, so the correct answer is C.
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23. Which of the following statements is correct regarding the “Neolithic Age”?
Answer: B
The Neolithic Age is an important phase of human history that began around 10,000 years ago. The most significant feature of this period was the development of agriculture and the beginning of settled life.
Before this, humans were mainly hunters and food gatherers who moved from place to place in search of food. However, when they learned to cultivate crops, they began to settle in one place. This led to the development of villages and stronger social structures.
During this period, people started growing crops, domesticating animals, and storing food. Tools were also improved and made smoother (polished).
Option A is incorrect because hunting was mainly a feature of earlier periods. Option C is incorrect because tools were present and improved. Option D is also incorrect because trade was not the primary activity.
Thus, the Neolithic Age represents a revolutionary change in human civilization, so the correct answer is option B.
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24. Consider the following statements (with reference to the Stone Age):
I. Large and rough stone tools were used in the Paleolithic Age.
II. Microliths (small tools) were used in the Mesolithic Age.
III. Tools were polished in the Neolithic Age.
Answer: C
The early phase of human history is known as the Stone Age, which is mainly divided into three parts—Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic periods. In all these phases, gradual development in human life, technology, and tools can be observed.
The Paleolithic Age was the earliest phase, in which the tools used by humans were large, heavy, and rough. These tools were made by breaking stones and were mainly used for hunting, cutting meat, and other daily activities.
This was followed by the Mesolithic Age, in which technological improvements led to the development of smaller stone tools known as microliths. These tools were more precise and useful and were often combined with wood or bone to make weapons.
In the Neolithic Age, humans made further advancements in tools. Stones were polished to make them smoother, stronger, and more effective. This was also the time when humans began moving toward agriculture and settled life.
Thus, all three statements are correct.
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25. Arrange the following events in the correct chronological order:
1. Beginning of agriculture and animal domestication
2. Use of microlith tools
3. Use of large stone tools
4. Development of settled life and villages
Answer: A
The process of human development passed through various stages, in which significant changes occurred in lifestyle, technology, and economic activities.
In the earliest stage, humans lived in the Paleolithic Age, where large and rough stone tools were used. During this time, life was mainly based on hunting and food gathering.
This was followed by the Mesolithic Age, where technological improvements led to the development of smaller tools known as microliths. These tools were more efficient and were used in hunting and other activities.
After this, in the Neolithic Age, agriculture and animal domestication began. This was a major turning point in human history, as it made food production possible and allowed humans to settle in one place.
As agriculture became stable, people began to live permanently in one place, leading to the development of villages. This also brought changes in social and economic structures.
Thus, the correct sequence of events is:
3 → 2 → 1 → 4
26. Match the following correctly (Archaeological Sites and their features):
List I List II
i. Bhimbetka a. Pit dwellings
ii. Kurnool b. Ash remains
iii. Burzahom c. Rock paintings
iv. Mehrgarh d. Early agriculture
Answer: A
Different archaeological sites of the Indian subcontinent play a very important role in understanding different phases of human history. Bhimbetka, located in Madhya Pradesh, is famous for its caves and rock paintings. The paintings here show that early humans were not limited to survival only, but had also developed artistic expression and creativity.
From the Kurnool caves, remains of ash have been found, which prove that early humans had learned to use fire. The use of fire was not limited to cooking food, but it was also a source of light, safety, and social interaction.
At Burzahom (in Kashmir), evidence of houses built under the ground has been found, known as pit dwellings. This special type of housing was designed to protect people from cold weather and shows that humans adapted their living conditions according to the environment.
Mehrgarh is a very important archaeological site where early evidence of agriculture and animal domestication has been found. Evidence of wheat and barley cultivation and sheep-goat domestication has been discovered here, showing a major shift towards a stable and productive lifestyle.
Thus, the correct matching is i-c, ii-b, iii-a, iv-d.
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27. Match the following correctly (Human activity and purpose):
List I List II
i. Hunter a. Growing plants
ii. Gatherer b. Hunting animals
iii. Farmer c. Collecting fruits and roots
iv. Pastoralist d. Taking care of animals
Answer: D
To understand human development, it is essential to understand different activities and their purposes. Hunters were people who obtained food by hunting animals, so i–b is correct.
Gatherers were people who collected fruits, roots, tubers, and other forest products, so ii–c is correct.
Farmers were those who practiced agriculture, meaning they grew plants and produced crops, so iii–a is correct.
Pastoralists were people who took care of animals and obtained products like milk and meat from them, so iv–d is correct.
This matching also reflects different stages of human life—from hunting and gathering to agriculture and animal husbandry. This transition was an important step toward a settled and organized society.
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28. Match the following correctly (Period and feature):
List I List II
i. Paleolithic Age a. Development of agriculture
ii. Mesolithic Age b. Large stone tools
iii. Neolithic Age c. Microliths
iv. Neolithic Age d. Settled life
Answer: B
The Stone Age is divided into three phases—Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic. The Paleolithic Age was the earliest, in which large and rough stone tools were used. Therefore, i–b is correct.
In the Mesolithic Age, technological improvement led to the use of smaller tools called microliths. Therefore, ii–c is correct.
In the Neolithic Age, agriculture developed, which allowed humans to produce food and move toward settled life. Therefore, iii–a and iv–d are both correct.
This sequence clearly shows human development—from hunting and gathering to agriculture and settled life, which is considered one of the most important transitions in human history.
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29. Consider the following statements (with reference to domestication):
I. People selected plants that produced larger grains.
II. People preferred violent animals for breeding.
III. Due to the selection process, domesticated plants and animals became different from wild ones.
Answer: B
Domestication is an important process in human history through which humans learned to control plants and animals. Selection played a key role in this process.
Statement I is correct because people preferred plants that produced larger grains, which helped increase food production. This was important for food security and storage.
Statement II is incorrect because generally calm and non-violent animals were chosen for domestication, as they were easier to control. Violent animals were not preferred.
Statement III is correct because due to this selection process, domesticated plants and animals gradually became different from their wild counterparts. For example, domesticated animals developed smaller teeth and horns, and plant structures also changed.
Thus, the correct answer is I and III.
(NCERT Class 6, Chapter 2, Page 16)
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30. Which of the following statements is most appropriate regarding “food storage”?
Answer: B
Food storage is an important basis for stability and security in human life. For early humans, this was a major challenge because a lifestyle based on hunting and gathering provided uncertain food availability.
When humans adopted agriculture, they began storing grains both as food and as seeds. For this purpose, large clay pots were made, baskets were woven, and pits were dug in the ground to store grains safely.
Along with this, animal domestication also became an important method of food storage. By keeping animals, their numbers increased, and they provided milk and meat, ensuring a continuous supply of food.
Option A is incorrect because hunting is a temporary source. Option C is incorrect because several storage methods were developed. Option D is also incorrect because trade was mainly for exchange, not storage.
Thus, the correct answer is B.
(NCERT Class 6, Chapter 2, Page 16–17)
31. Consider the following statements (with reference to the spread of early agriculture and animal husbandry):
I. Early farmers and pastoralists were limited to only one region.
II. Their evidence is found in different parts of the subcontinent.
III. Evidence is found in the northwestern region, Kashmir, and eastern and southern India.
Answer: C
The development of early agriculture and animal husbandry was not confined to a single region; rather, it gradually spread across different parts of the subcontinent.
Statement I is incorrect because this process was widespread and developed in different regions at different times.
Statement II is correct because archaeological evidence shows that early farmers and pastoralists were spread across the subcontinent.
Statement III is also correct because evidence has been found particularly in the northwestern region, present-day Kashmir, as well as eastern and southern India. These regions were important centers of early agriculture and animal husbandry.
This question is based on understanding that processes of human development were regionally diverse and widespread, not limited to a single location.
Thus, the correct answer is II and III.
(NCERT Class 6, Chapter 2, Page 17)
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32. Which of the following statements is most appropriate regarding tools used by early humans?
Answer: B
Tools played a very important and multi-dimensional role in the life of early humans. It is important to understand that at that time human life was entirely dependent on natural resources, and there were no modern technologies or advanced instruments available. In such a situation, tools became the main means of survival.
If we look at options A and D, they present a limited perspective because tools were not used only for hunting or war. In reality, tools were used for cutting fruits and plants, separating meat and bones, removing animal skins, cutting wood, and building shelters. This clearly shows that tools were not limited to a single purpose but were used in almost every aspect of daily life.
In addition, tools were also used to make other instruments and weapons, which increased both efficiency and safety. This represents the early stage of technological development, which made humans more capable than other living beings.
Option C is completely incorrect because tools at that time were made for utility, not for decoration or aesthetic purposes.
Thus, it is clear that tools used by early humans were multifunctional and were applied in various aspects of life. Therefore, option B is the most appropriate.
(NCERT Class 6, Chapter 2, Page 11)
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33. Which of the following options is correct regarding the main reason why early humans selected places with good stones?
Answer: C
Stone was extremely important in the life of early humans because it was the main source for making tools. At that time, metals were not used, so stone was the only resource from which strong, sharp, and useful tools could be made.
Early humans searched for places where good quality stones were easily available. From these stones, they made different types of tools such as cutting tools, scraping tools, and weapons. With the help of these tools, they hunted animals, prepared food, and carried out other daily activities.
Option A is incorrect because agriculture was not developed in the early stage, so location selection was not based on farming. Option B is also incorrect because rainfall had no direct relation to tool-making. Option D may be partially correct, but the main reason was the availability of stones, not just animals.
This question shows that early human life was based on the availability of resources, and they made decisions according to their environment. Without stone tools, their life would have been extremely difficult, so finding good stones was essential for them.
Thus, option C is correct because it accurately reflects the technological needs of early humans.
(NCERT Class 6, Chapter 2, Page 13)
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34. Which of the following is the most appropriate option regarding the effect of seasonal changes on early human life?
Answer: B
The life of early humans was completely dependent on nature and the environment, so seasons had a deep impact on their lives. At that time, neither a stable agricultural system had developed nor advanced methods of food storage were available, so humans had to move according to the availability of food.
Fruits, plants, and tubers were available in different seasons. For example, some fruits were available only in particular seasons, so humans had to move to those areas during that time. Similarly, animals also moved from one place to another in search of food and water, and hunters followed them.
In addition, water sources also changed according to seasons. Some rivers and lakes provided water throughout the year, while others were filled only after rainfall. Therefore, during dry seasons, humans had to move in search of water.
Option A is incorrect because early humans did not live permanently in one place. Options C and D are also incorrect as they do not reflect the actual conditions.
Thus, it is clear that seasonal changes were a major factor influencing early human life, and they changed their location accordingly. Therefore, option B is correct.
(NCERT Class 6, Chapter 2, Page 10–11)
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35. Which of the following options is correct regarding the use of wood by early humans?
Answer: C
Wood was an extremely important natural resource for early humans, and it was used in various aspects of life. At that time, humans did not have modern construction materials or energy sources, so wood was the main resource to fulfill their needs.
The primary use of wood was as fuel. It was necessary for lighting fires, which were used for cooking food, providing light, and protecting against cold. In addition, wood was also used for building shelters. Early humans used wood to construct huts that provided protection from weather and wild animals.
Furthermore, wood was also used in making tools and weapons. Many tools were combined with stone and wood to make them more effective, such as spears and arrows.
Options A and B are limited because they represent only one use of wood, while option D is completely incorrect.
Thus, it is clear that wood had multiple uses and was an important foundation of early human life. Therefore, option C is correct.
(NCERT Class 6, Chapter 2, Page 11)
36. Which of the following statements is most appropriate regarding the discovery and use of fire by early humans?
Answer: C
The discovery of fire was a revolutionary event in the life of early humans, which completely transformed their way of living. Fire was not just a simple natural element, but it became an important means of survival, safety, and social development.
First, fire was used for cooking food. Raw meat and food were difficult to digest, but cooking over fire made them softer and tastier. This improved human health and increased their ability to gain energy.
The second important use was as a source of light. In darkness, fire allowed humans to see and remain active, enabling them to carry out activities even at night.
Third, fire served as a means of protection. Wild animals were afraid of fire, so by lighting fires, humans could protect themselves from dangerous animals.
In addition, fire was also used to keep warm, strengthen wooden tools, and for social activities (such as sitting together in groups).
Options A and B are incomplete because they mention only one use of fire. Option D is incorrect because religious use was not the primary purpose at that time.
Thus, the use of fire was multifunctional and proved to be a major turning point in the development of human civilization.
(NCERT Class 6, Chapter 2, Page 14)
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37. Which of the following options is correct regarding the food-gathering methods of early humans?
Answer: C
The life of early humans was highly flexible and diverse, especially in terms of obtaining food. They did not depend on a single source but gathered food from various sources, which increased their chances of survival.
They collected roots, fruits, tubers, seeds, and other plant products from forests. Along with this, they hunted animals, caught fish, and hunted birds. Thus, their diet was based on both plant and animal sources.
This diversity was important because dependence on a single source could lead to food shortages. If fruits or animals were not available in a region, they could rely on other sources.
Options A and B are incorrect because they present a limited view of food habits. Option D is also incorrect because agriculture had not yet developed at that time.
Thus, it is clear that the food-gathering practices of early humans were multidimensional, helping them survive in changing conditions.
(NCERT Class 6, Chapter 2, Page 10)
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38. Which of the following is the most appropriate option regarding the selection of shelter by early humans?
Answer: C
For early humans, the selection of shelter was extremely important for both survival and safety. At that time, there were no permanent houses or modern construction techniques, so humans relied on natural shelters.
Caves and rock shelters were the most suitable forms of shelter for early humans. These protected them from rain, sunlight, wind, and cold. At the same time, caves also provided safety from wild animals. Evidence from places like Bhimbetka shows that people lived in caves and even made rock paintings there.
In some regions, people also built huts using wood and other materials. However, caves provided more security and stability, making them especially important.
Options A and B are incorrect because they ignore safety and environmental suitability. Option D is completely incorrect.
Thus, it is clear that early humans selected shelters carefully and preferred places that provided safety and comfort.
(NCERT Class 6, Chapter 2, Page 13)
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39. Which of the following options is correct regarding the importance of animal husbandry in early human life?
Answer: C
Animal husbandry represents an important transformation in human history that made the means of livelihood more stable and organized. When humans began domesticating animals, they gained a reliable source of food.
Domesticated animals provided milk, meat, and other products, which were important food sources. Additionally, animals reproduced, making them an effective way of ‘storing’ food resources.
Animal husbandry also helped humans adopt a settled life, as they no longer needed to move constantly in search of food. This led to the development of villages and settlements.
Options A and B are incorrect because they ignore the importance of animal husbandry. Option D is also incorrect because its primary purpose was not warfare.
Thus, animal husbandry provided economic and social stability to humans and was an important step toward the development of civilization.
(NCERT Class 6, Chapter 2, Page 16–17)
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40. Which of the following is the most appropriate option regarding the impact of the development of agriculture on early human life?
Answer: C
The development of agriculture is one of the most significant events in human history, which completely transformed human life. When humans learned to grow plants and produce food, they no longer had to depend entirely on nature for food.
With the development of agriculture, humans began to establish permanent settlements. They no longer needed to wander continuously in search of food, as they could produce food near their place of residence. This led to the development of villages and later towns.
Agriculture also promoted social organization. People began to work together, leading to division of labor and cooperation. At the same time, the need for storage arose, which encouraged technological development.
Options A and B are incorrect because agriculture made life more stable. Option D is also incorrect because hunting did not completely stop; it continued alongside agriculture.
Thus, agriculture provided stability, security, and a foundation for development, making the growth of civilization possible.
(NCERT Class 6, Chapter 2, Page 15–16)
41. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
Answer: B
The life of early humans was mainly based on hunting and food gathering. They were not dependent on agriculture because agriculture had not yet developed at that time. Their life was completely dependent on nature, where they relied on forests and rivers to obtain food.
They collected roots, fruits, tubers, seeds, and other plant parts, which provided them plant-based food. Along with this, they hunted animals, caught fish, and trapped birds. Thus, their food came from diverse sources, which helped them survive in changing conditions.
Agriculture developed much later, around 12,000 years ago, when humans began to grow plants. Therefore, it is completely incorrect to say that early humans depended only on agriculture.
This question clears a common misconception that humans were always farmers, whereas in reality, they were initially hunter-gatherers.
(NCERT Class 6, Chapter 2)
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42. Identify the incorrect statement from the following:
Answer: C
Evidence from sites like Bhimbetka shows that early humans lived in caves and used them for daily life. These caves protected them from rain, sunlight, cold, and strong winds, making their lives safer and more comfortable.
At the same time, caves provided protection from wild animals, which were a major threat at that time. Thus, caves were not only shelters but also an important means of security.
The caves of Bhimbetka are especially famous for rock paintings, which show that early humans were not limited to survival but were also interested in art and expression.
Option C is incorrect because it limits the use of caves only to religious activities, whereas in reality, caves were mainly used for living and protection.
Thus, this question tests the understanding of the actual use of caves and the multi-dimensional nature of early human life.
(NCERT Class 6, Chapter 2, Page 13)
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43. Which of the following statements is false?
Answer: B
The ash remains found in Kurnool caves prove that early humans had learned to use fire. This discovery is considered a significant achievement in the history of human development.
Fire was not used only for cooking food; it had many other uses. First, it served as a source of light, helping humans see and work in darkness. Second, it provided protection from wild animals, as most animals are afraid of fire.
Additionally, fire was used to keep warm and for social activities. People gathered around fire, which strengthened social relationships.
Option B is incorrect because it limits the use of fire to only one purpose, whereas in reality, fire was used for multiple purposes.
This question is based on understanding how intelligently early humans used natural resources to improve their lives.
(NCERT Class 6, Chapter 2, Page 14)
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44. Identify the incorrect statement from the following:
Answer: C
Stone tools were extremely important in the life of early humans. They used stones for their daily activities such as cutting fruits, cutting meat, breaking bones, and removing animal skins.
Stone tools helped humans hunt, prepare food, and perform other tasks more effectively. In addition, weapons such as spears and arrows were also made from stones, which were useful for both hunting and protection.
This is why humans searched for places where good and strong stones were available. This shows that they were aware and practical in selecting resources.
Option C is incorrect because stones were not used only for decoration; they were essential for making tools necessary for survival.
This question highlights that technological development began at a very early stage, and stone tools formed the foundation of human progress.
(NCERT Class 6, Chapter 2, Page 11–13)
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45. Identify the incorrect statement from the following:
Answer: C
Water played a very important role in the life of early humans because it is essential for survival. Not only humans but all living beings and plants depend on water.
For this reason, early humans preferred to live near rivers, lakes, and springs where water was easily available. Water was not only needed for drinking but also for obtaining food (such as fishing) and other activities.
Additionally, the availability of water was an important reason for migration. When water became scarce in a region, people moved to other places.
Option C is incorrect because it is scientifically and practically impossible. No living being can survive without water for a long time.
This question tests the understanding of how natural resources, especially water, had a deep impact on human life and decisions.
(NCERT Class 6, Chapter 2, Page 10–11)
46. Match the following correctly:
List I (Tools) List II (Uses)
i. Stone tools a. Skinning
ii. Bone tools b. Cutting meat
iii. Wooden tools c. Making spears and arrows
iv. Sharp tools d. Cutting wood
Code:
Answer: A
The life of early humans was entirely dependent on natural resources, and their main means of livelihood were hunting and food gathering. In such a lifestyle, tools held immense importance because, without them, it would not have been possible to obtain food, build shelters, and ensure safety. Stone tools were the earliest to be developed, and they were mainly used for cutting meat. Due to the hardness of stone and its ability to form sharp edges, these tools proved highly effective. In addition, they were also used for breaking bones and cutting other hard materials.
Bone tools were especially used for making spears and arrows. Such weapons were necessary for hunting, as they allowed humans to attack animals from a distance. This technological development reflects the intelligence and adaptability of early humans.
Wooden tools were used for cutting wood, building huts, and collecting fuel. Wood was an important resource at that time, providing both shelter and security.
Sharp tools were used for skinning animals, which helped in making clothes, tents, and other useful items. This shows that early humans understood not only food needs but also other life necessities and used technology to fulfill them.
(NCERT Class 6, Chapter 2, Page 11)
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47. Match the following correctly:
List I (Archaeological Sites) List II (Features)
i. Bhimbetka a. Ash remains
ii. Kurnool b. Pit dwellings
iii. Burzahom c. Rock paintings
iv. Mehrgarh d. Early agriculture
Code:
Answer: A
Different archaeological sites of the Indian subcontinent provide information about various aspects of early human life. Bhimbetka, located in Madhya Pradesh, is famous for its cave paintings. The rock paintings found here show that early humans expressed art, hunting scenes, and social life through drawings.
Ash remains have been found in the Kurnool caves, which clearly prove that early humans had learned to use fire. Fire was used not only for light but also for cooking food, keeping warm, and protection from wild animals.
Burzahom, located in Kashmir, provides evidence of houses built below ground level, known as pit dwellings. These houses were made to protect against cold weather and had entry through steps. This shows the ability of humans to adapt to environmental conditions.
Mehrgarh is a very important site where evidence of early agriculture and animal domestication has been found. It represents the transition from a nomadic to a settled life. Wheat and barley cultivation and domestication of animals began here.
(NCERT Class 6, Chapter 2, Page 13–19)
48. Arrange the following events in chronological order (earliest to latest):
1. Life of hunting and food gathering
2. Climate change and development of grasslands
3. Beginning of animal domestication
4. Development of agriculture
Answer: B
To understand the sequence of human development, we must examine the changes in their means of livelihood in order. Initially, human life was based on hunting and food gathering. In this stage, they collected roots, fruits, and tubers from forests and hunted animals. This was the earliest stage of human life, so it comes first.
After this, around 12,000 years ago, major climatic changes occurred. Temperatures began to rise, resulting in the development of grasslands. This increased the number of grass-eating animals such as deer, sheep, and goats.
Under these conditions, humans gradually began to domesticate animals, leading to the beginning of animal husbandry. This was an important change because it provided a stable source of food.
Finally, humans adopted agriculture, where they learned to grow plants and produce food. This led to permanent settlements and the development of villages. Therefore, the correct order is 1 → 2 → 3 → 4.
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49. Arrange the following events in chronological order:
1. Natural growth of grains
2. Preservation of seeds
3. Collection of grains
4. Beginning of agriculture
Answer: B
To understand the development of agriculture, we must see how humans gradually learned to control natural resources. Initially, grains such as wheat, barley, and rice grew naturally. This was a natural process, and humans only observed and identified them.
After this, humans began collecting these grains. They gathered them from forests and open areas and used them as food.
When they began to understand that these grains grew in specific types of soil and seasons, they started preserving good-quality seeds. Seed preservation was an important stage because it ensured future production.
Finally, humans started agriculture, where they learned to sow seeds and grow crops themselves. This made permanent life and civilization possible. Therefore, the correct order is 1 → 3 → 2 → 4.
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50. Arrange the following events in chronological order:
1. Learning the use of fire
2. Development of tools
3. Building pit dwellings (gartaavas)
4. Development of permanent settlements
Answer: A
In the development of human civilization, the sequence of technological and social changes is very important. First, tools were developed. Early humans made stone tools, which were used for hunting, cutting, and other tasks. This was the initial stage of human technological capability.
After this, humans learned to use fire. Fire completely transformed their lives by providing light, enabling cooking, and offering protection from wild animals.
Then, humans began constructing pit dwellings, which were especially useful in cold regions. This shows that humans were adapting their living conditions according to the environment.
Finally, with the development of agriculture and animal husbandry, permanent settlements emerged. This led to the formation of villages and societies, laying the foundation of civilization. Therefore, the correct order is 2 → 1 → 3 → 4.