Table of Contents
Chapter 3 MCQs in English; In the Earliest Cities
1. Select the correct statement from the following:
I. About 150 years ago, the Harappan site was discovered during the laying of railway lines.
II. The Harappa site is located in the Punjab province of Pakistan.
Code:-
Answer: C
The history of the discovery of the Harappan civilization is very interesting and also an example of how important historical discoveries sometimes occur by chance. About 150 years ago, during British rule, when railway lines were being laid in the Punjab region, engineers working there came across an ancient site, which we now know as Harappa. At that time, they were not aware of its historical significance. They considered it merely ruins and removed a large number of baked bricks from the site, which were used in laying the railway tracks. In this process, many important structures of Harappa were destroyed, causing irreparable loss.
The second statement is also correct because Harappa is presently located in the Punjab province of Pakistan. It was a major center of the Indus Valley Civilization. Later, archaeologists scientifically studied the site and found that it was part of a highly developed ancient urban civilization.
Thus, both statements are correct, so option C is the correct answer.
(CLASS 6 CHAPTER-3 PAGE NO.-22)
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2. When was the Harappan civilization constructed?
Answer: A
Understanding the time of the construction of the Harappan civilization is extremely important for understanding the development of human history. Based on excavations and scientific analysis conducted by archaeologists, it has been found that the cities of the Harappan civilization were built around 4700 years ago.
After the discovery of the Harappan site, when it was studied in detail, it became clear that it was not just a simple settlement but a well-planned urban civilization. Evidence of wide roads, houses made of baked bricks, a developed drainage system, and organized town planning has been found here.
The development of the Harappan civilization was the result of a long process in which humans gradually developed agriculture, animal husbandry, trade, and technical skills. The cities of this civilization were not only large but also had highly developed social and economic organization.
Thus, based on the available historical and archaeological evidence, it is clear that the Harappan civilization was constructed about 4700 years ago, so option A is correct.
(CLASS 6 CHAPTER-3 PAGE NO.-22
3. Which of the following is NOT a correct feature of the cities of the Harappan civilization?
Answer: C
The most important feature of the Harappan civilization was its advanced urban planning. Most cities of this civilization were divided into two main parts—the higher part (citadel) and the lower part (lower town). The citadel was generally situated at a higher elevation and important structures were built there, while the lower town was inhabited by common people.
One of the major features of this civilization was that buildings were constructed using baked bricks. The use of baked bricks indicates that construction technology was highly developed at that time. The size and proportion of these bricks were also uniform, which is evidence of standardization.
Additionally, the Harappan civilization was a fully developed urban civilization with well-planned roads, drainage systems, and organized construction.
Option C is incorrect because it states that raw bricks were used, whereas in reality, baked bricks were more widely used.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-3 PAGE NO.-23)
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4. From which site is evidence of a Great Bath found?
Answer: B
Mohenjo-daro was a very important city of the Harappan civilization, where a special structure known as the “Great Bath” was discovered. This bath is an excellent example of the advanced architecture and water management system of the civilization.
The Great Bath was constructed in the form of a large rectangular tank, with baked bricks and plaster used all around it. Special techniques were used to prevent water leakage, such as applying a layer of charcoal over the plaster. There were steps on both sides to enter it, and rooms were built around it.
Water was brought into the bath from a nearby well and was drained out after use, indicating a highly developed water management system.
Historians believe that this bath was probably used for religious or social rituals, where people might have bathed collectively on special occasions.
Thus, the Great Bath of Mohenjo-daro is an important example of the advanced culture and technical knowledge of the Harappan civilization, so the correct answer is option B.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-3 PAGE NO.-23)
5. From which site has evidence of fire altars been found?
Answer: D
Archaeological evidence obtained from various sites of the Harappan civilization provides important information about the religious and cultural life of the people of that time. Kalibangan (present-day Rajasthan) and Lothal (present-day Gujarat) are important sites where evidence of fire altars has been found. During excavations at Kalibangan, several fire altars were discovered, arranged in an organized manner. Their structure and layout suggest that they were used for rituals, sacrifices, or religious practices. This indicates that fire held special religious significance in the lives of the people.
Similarly, Lothal, which was a major port city, has also yielded evidence of fire altars. Although Lothal is mainly known for its trade activities, the presence of fire altars indicates that along with economic activities, religious traditions were also an integral part of society. This shows that the Harappan civilization was not only materially advanced but also culturally and religiously developed.
The presence of fire altars also suggests that the people followed organized religious practices and had developed systems of beliefs and traditions in their society.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-3 PAGE NO.-23)
6. Match the following correctly:
List I (Site) List II (Feature)
a. Harappa 1. Great Bath
b. Mohenjo-daro 2. Port
c. Kalibangan 3. R-37
d. Lothal 4. Seals
Code:-
Answer: C
Various archaeological sites of the Harappan civilization are extremely important due to their distinct features, and through them, we can understand the social, economic, and cultural system of that time.
At Harappa, evidence of a cemetery known as ‘R-37’ has been found. It reflects the burial practices of the people and their beliefs regarding life after death. This shows that religious beliefs and rituals had developed in society.
At Mohenjo-daro, evidence of the “Great Bath” has been discovered, which is one of the most famous structures of the Harappan civilization. It was built using baked bricks and waterproof plaster, indicating an advanced understanding of water management and cleanliness.
At Kalibangan, evidence of seals and fire altars has been found. Seals were used in trade and administrative activities, indicating a developed trading system.
Lothal was a major port city, where remains of a dockyard have been discovered. This is evidence of maritime trade and technological advancement of that time.
Thus, the correct matching is a-3, b-1, c-4, d-2.
7. Select the correct statement:
I. In the Harappan civilization, ornaments and utensils were made of stone, shell, copper, bronze, gold, and silver.
II. The people of this civilization made metal seals on which birds were depicted.
Code:-
Answer: A
The Harappan civilization is known for its advanced craftsmanship and technical skills. The people used various metals and natural resources to make beautiful and useful objects. Archaeological evidence shows that Harappans made ornaments, utensils, and other items using stone, shell, copper, bronze, gold, and silver. This indicates that they had good knowledge of metallurgy and could effectively use different metals.
The second statement is not correct because Harappan seals were mainly made of stone, especially steatite. These seals usually had images of animals such as bulls, elephants, and rhinoceroses, which were used for trade and identification purposes. The mention of birds in this context is not appropriate.
This question highlights that the Harappan civilization had a high level of art and craftsmanship, and people were capable of producing a variety of objects. It also shows that they had a developed trading system in which seals played an important role.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-3 PAGE NO.-26)
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8. Which color was used by the people of the Harappan civilization while making red clay pottery?
Answer: B
The people of the Harappan civilization were highly skilled in pottery making. They made pots using red clay and decorated them with black-colored designs. This style was their distinctive feature and reflects their artistic ability and sense of aesthetics.
The designs on these pots included geometric shapes, lines, and sometimes figures of animals. This shows that the people not only focused on utility but also gave importance to beauty and decoration. These pots were used in daily life for cooking, storing, and serving food.
Additionally, the quality and design of these pots suggest that there was a specialized group of craftsmen responsible for making and decorating pottery. This is an example of division of labour, which is a feature of a developed society.
Thus, black color was used to decorate red clay pottery, which is an important evidence of the cultural and artistic advancement of the Harappan civilization.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-3 PAGE NO.-26)
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9. In the Indus Valley Civilization, weights made of which type of stone were used to measure precious metals?
Answer: C
Trade and economic activities in the Indus Valley Civilization were highly developed. The people engaged in trade with local as well as distant regions, which required accurate measurement and weighing of goods. For this purpose, they used standardized weights made of chert stone.
Chert is a hard and durable stone, and weights made from it provided accurate measurements over a long period. These weights were carefully crafted with precision to ensure fairness and accuracy in trade transactions.
One special feature of these weights was that their size and weight followed a fixed standard. This indicates that people of that time had a good understanding of calculation and measurement and followed an organized economic system.
Thus, weights made of chert stone are evidence of the advanced trade system, scientific approach, and administrative organization of the Harappan civilization. It shows that the civilization was highly developed not only culturally but also economically.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-3 PAGE NO.-26)
10. A person who receives special training to make a particular thing is called?
Answer: A
The study of the Harappan civilization makes it clear that the society at that time was highly developed and organized. There were different groups of people assigned to perform different tasks, which we understand today as “division of labour.” In this context, the term “specialist” becomes important.
A specialist is a person who receives special training to perform a particular task and becomes skilled in it. In the Harappan civilization, there were many such specialists, such as stone cutters, bead makers, seal engravers, metal workers, and sculptors. The products made by these specialists were of very high quality, reflecting their skill and technical knowledge.
For example, the sculptures and seals found at Harappan sites are beautifully crafted with fine details. The facial expressions, beard styling, and body structure of the figures show that the maker was highly trained and experienced.
It is also clear that such specialists must have held an important position in society and played a significant role in economic activities. This system reflects the advanced social structure of that time.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-3 PAGE NO.-27)
11. Consider the following statements:
I. Stone and shell are found in natural form, but faience is artificially prepared.
II. The people of the Harappan civilization exported copper, iron, gold, silver, and precious stones to distant regions.
Code:-
Answer: B
The system of use and trade of raw materials and finished goods in the Harappan civilization was highly developed. The first statement is correct because stone and shell are naturally available, whereas faience is an artificial material. It was made by mixing powdered sand or crushed quartz with gum and then giving it a glazed coating. This coating was usually blue or green in color. Items like beads, bangles, earrings, and small vessels were made from faience, showing advanced technology.
The second statement is incorrect because the people of the Harappan civilization did not export these metals and precious stones; rather, they imported them from distant regions. Copper, gold, silver, and precious stones were not sufficiently available locally, so they were brought from other areas.
This question highlights that the Harappan civilization had a developed trade network and people understood the process of import and export based on resource availability.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-3 PAGE NO.-27)
12. From which of the following places is evidence of cotton cultivation found?
Answer: A
Cotton cultivation is considered a very important achievement in human history because it led to the development of textile production. The earliest evidence of cotton cultivation in the Indian subcontinent has been found at Mehrgarh. This site is located in present-day Balochistan (Pakistan), and evidence of agricultural activities dating back to about 7000 years has been discovered here.
Archaeological remains from Mehrgarh show that people not only cultivated crops like wheat and barley but also grew cotton. This is one of the earliest pieces of evidence of cotton production in the world. It indicates that people of that time were skilled in agricultural techniques and had learned to cultivate different types of crops.
From Mohenjo-daro, fragments of cloth have been found, indicating the use of textiles, but this is evidence of the use of cotton rather than its cultivation. Spindle whorls have also been found, showing the process of spinning thread.
Thus, Mehrgarh is known for the earliest evidence of cotton cultivation and is very important for understanding the early development of agriculture.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-3 PAGE NO.-26)
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13. From where did the Harappans import copper?
Answer: A
The use of metals was very important in the Harappan civilization, and copper was one of the main metals used for making tools, weapons, and other objects. Since copper was not available everywhere, the Harappans imported it from other regions.
According to archaeological evidence, the Harappans mainly obtained copper from the present-day Rajasthan region, where copper deposits were available. In addition, copper was also imported from Oman in West Asia, indicating international trade relations of that time.
To make bronze, tin was mixed with copper. Tin was imported from regions corresponding to modern Iran and Afghanistan. This shows that the Harappans had trade contacts with various regions and had a good understanding of metals and their properties.
This question shows that the Harappan civilization did not depend only on local resources but developed an extensive trade network to obtain necessary raw materials.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-3 PAGE NO.-28)
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14. Select the incorrect statements from the following:
I. The Harappans exported copper from the West Asian country Oman.
II. To make bronze, copper is mixed with zinc.
III. Tin was imported from modern Iran and Afghanistan.
Code:-
Answer: B
To understand the trade and use of metals in the Harappan civilization, it is necessary to analyze these statements. The first statement is incorrect because the Harappans did not export copper; instead, they imported it. Copper was mainly brought from regions such as Rajasthan and Oman, showing dependence on external sources for resources.
The second statement is also incorrect because bronze is made by mixing copper with tin, not zinc. Zinc is used in making brass. This is an important scientific fact reflecting knowledge of metallurgy.
The third statement is correct because tin was indeed imported from regions corresponding to modern Iran and Afghanistan. This shows that the Harappan trade network extended to distant regions.
Thus, only the first and second statements are incorrect, so the correct answer is option B.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-3 PAGE NO.-28)
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15. In which of the following is the Harappan site ‘Dholavira’ located?
Answer: B
Dholavira was a very important city of the Harappan civilization, located in the Kutch region of present-day Gujarat. It was situated on an island called Khadir Bet and is known for its unique urban planning. One of the major features of Dholavira was its highly advanced water management system, which reflects the technical knowledge of that time.
Unlike most Harappan cities, which were divided into two parts (citadel and lower town), Dholavira was divided into three parts—upper town, middle town, and lower town. This shows its distinct urban structure.
This region was significant in terms of water availability, and an advanced system of rainwater harvesting and water conservation was developed here. This indicates that the people were aware of environmental management and resource utilization.
The study of Dholavira shows that the Harappan civilization was not uniform but had regional variations with unique features. This city is an excellent example of advanced technical, social, and economic organization of that time.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-3 PAGE NO.-19)
16. Select the correct statement:
I. The Harappan site ‘Dholavira’ was a city located in the Kutch region of Gujarat.
II. The city of Dholavira was divided into three parts.
III. The city of Dholavira was situated on the banks of the Sabarmati River.
Code:-
Answer: A
Dholavira was a very important city of the Harappan civilization, located in the Kutch region of present-day Gujarat at a place called Khadir Bet. Geographically, this area is arid, yet the people developed an excellent system of water management and urban planning. Hence, the first statement is correct.
The second statement is also correct because Dholavira had a unique structure compared to other Harappan cities. While most Harappan cities were divided into two parts—citadel and lower town—Dholavira was divided into three parts. These divisions helped in better administrative and social organization. Each part was surrounded by strong stone walls, indicating security and planning.
The third statement is incorrect because Dholavira was not situated on the banks of the Sabarmati River. Lothal is associated with the Sabarmati River (or one of its tributaries), whereas Dholavira is located in the Kutch region.
Findings such as inscriptions, large gateways, open grounds, and engraved stone signs at Dholavira indicate that it was not only a residential center but also a hub of cultural and administrative activities.
Thus, only statements I and II are correct.
(CLASS 6 CHAPTER-3 PAGE NO.-29)
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17. The Harappan site “Dholavira” is located on the banks of which river?
Answer: A
Dholavira was a major and distinctive city of the Indus Valley Civilization, located in the Kutch region of Gujarat. It is considered to have been situated near the Luni River. This region generally has an arid and semi-arid climate, making water availability a major challenge. Despite this, the inhabitants of Dholavira developed an advanced water management system, reflecting their scientific and technical knowledge.
Large reservoirs were constructed in Dholavira for rainwater harvesting. Rainwater was collected and stored for long-term use. This shows that people were capable of adapting their lifestyle according to environmental conditions.
Among the other options, the Bhogava River is associated with Lothal, a port city. Shadikor and Madar rivers are not related to Dholavira.
The importance of Dholavira lies not only in its location but also in its urban planning, water conservation, and social organization. It shows that the Harappans were highly advanced not only in agriculture and trade but also in technology.
Thus, the correct answer is the Luni River.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-3 PAGE NO.-29)
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18. How did the Harappan civilization decline?
I. Forests were destroyed.
II. The control of rulers declined.
III. Floods occurred in some regions.
IV. Geological changes took place.
Code:-
Answer: C
The decline of the Harappan civilization is a complex historical issue, believed to have occurred due to multiple reasons rather than a single cause. Environmental, social, and geographical factors together contributed to its decline.
The first reason was deforestation. A large number of baked bricks were used in Harappan cities, requiring a huge amount of wood, which led to the depletion of forests and ecological imbalance.
The second reason was the weakening of administrative control. The well-planned nature of Harappan cities indicates a strong administrative system. When this control weakened, the organization of cities also gradually declined.
The third important factor was geological changes, such as the shifting or drying up of rivers. Since the civilization depended heavily on rivers, such changes directly affected agriculture, water supply, and livelihood.
Although evidence of floods has been found in some regions, it is not considered a primary cause of the overall decline of the civilization. Therefore, statement III is not included among the main causes.
Thus, the decline of the Harappan civilization was due to a combination of factors, mainly environmental and geographical changes. Hence, the correct answer is I, II, and IV.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-3 PAGE NO.-30 & 31)
19. What was the main use of seals in the Harappan civilization?
Answer: B
Seals of the Harappan civilization are considered one of the most important discoveries of that time. These seals were usually made of stone and were rectangular in shape. They had images of animals such as bulls, elephants, and rhinoceroses, along with some symbols or script known as the Harappan script.
The main use of these seals was in trade activities. When merchants exchanged goods, they used seals to mark ownership and identify goods. For example, a seal was pressed onto clay attached to goods, indicating the owner or trader.
Additionally, seals might have been used for administrative control and security of goods. This shows that trade in the Harappan civilization was well-organized and systematic.
Options A and C are limited because seals were not used only for decoration or religious purposes. Option D is completely incorrect. Therefore, the correct answer is B.
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20. Which statement is correct regarding the town planning of the Harappan civilization?
Answer: C
One of the most remarkable features of the Harappan civilization was its excellent town planning. The cities were constructed in a highly organized manner, reflecting advanced urban planning.
The streets were laid out in a grid pattern, intersecting each other at right angles (90°). This divided the city into smaller blocks, making movement and management easier.
Houses were also systematically built, often including courtyards, rooms, and proper drainage systems. The drainage system of the Harappan civilization was especially advanced, with covered drains that were regularly maintained.
Cities were usually divided into two parts—the higher part (citadel) and the lower town—separating administrative and residential areas.
Options A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not reflect the advanced planning system of the civilization. Therefore, the correct answer is option C.
21. Consider the following statements (with reference to town planning of the Harappan civilization):
I. The network of roads in Harappan cities was constructed according to a definite plan.
II. Drains were made of baked bricks and were covered.
III. Not all houses had drainage facilities.
Code:-
Answer: A
One of the most important features of the Harappan civilization was its advanced urban planning, which was highly developed and systematic compared to other contemporary civilizations.
Statement I is correct because the streets of Harappan cities were laid out in a grid pattern. The main roads intersected each other at right angles, giving the cities a well-organized appearance. This shows that city construction was done with prior planning.
Statement II is also correct because the drainage system of the Harappan civilization was highly advanced. Drains were constructed using baked bricks and were covered to prevent the spread of filth. This reflects their awareness of cleanliness and hygiene.
Statement III is incorrect because most houses had proper drainage facilities. Almost every house was connected to a drain that led to the main drainage system. This shows that the town planning was very systematic and scientific.
Thus, only statements I and II are correct.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-3 PAGE NO.-23)
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22. Which of the following statements is incorrect (with reference to crafts and industry of the Harappan civilization)?
Answer: C
The Harappan civilization was highly developed in the field of crafts and industry. The people were skilled in various crafts and had developed an organized system of production and trade.
Option A is correct because Harappans were highly skilled in making beads. These beads were made from stones, shells, and other valuable materials and were used in ornaments.
Option B is also correct because Harappans used metals such as copper, bronze, gold, and silver, indicating their technical skills and knowledge of metallurgy.
Option D is also correct because there were specialist craftsmen in the Harappan civilization who were trained in specific skills, such as bead making, stone cutting, and seal engraving.
Option C is incorrect because Harappans did not depend only on local raw materials. They imported materials like copper, gold, tin, and precious stones from distant regions such as Rajasthan, Karnataka, Iran, and Afghanistan.
Thus, the incorrect statement is option C.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-3 PAGE NO.-27 & 28)
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23. Arrange the following events in chronological order (with reference to the development of the Harappan civilization):
1. Expansion of trade contacts
2. Development of town planning
3. Beginning of agriculture
4. Specialization in craft production
Answer: A
To understand the development of human civilization, it is important to examine the sequence of economic and social changes.
First, agriculture began (3). This was the most important turning point in human life, as it enabled food production and led people to settle in one place.
Next, the development of town planning took place (2). As people settled permanently, they began constructing well-planned cities, as seen in the Harappan civilization.
After that, specialization in craft production developed (4). As society became more complex, different groups of skilled craftsmen emerged, increasing production efficiency.
Finally, trade contacts expanded (1). With increased production, people began exchanging goods and importing raw materials from distant regions.
Thus, the correct sequence is 3 → 2 → 4 → 1.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-3 PAGE NO.-22 to 28)
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24. Match the following correctly (Harappan sites and their features):
List I (Site) List II (Feature)
i. Mohenjo-daro 1. Great Bath
ii. Lothal 2. Port
iii. Kalibangan 3. Fire altars
iv. Harappa 4. Seals
Code:-
Answer: A
Different sites of the Harappan civilization are known for their unique features, which provide important insights into the life, technology, and social structure of that time.
Mohenjo-daro (i) is known for the “Great Bath,” which was likely used for religious or social purposes and reflects advanced construction techniques. Hence, i–1 is correct.
Lothal (ii) was an important port city used for maritime trade. The remains of a dockyard found here confirm its role as a trade center. Hence, ii–2 is correct.
Kalibangan (iii) has provided evidence of fire altars, which were probably used for rituals or religious purposes. Hence, iii–3 is correct.
Harappa (iv) has yielded seals and other artifacts that indicate trade and administrative activities. Hence, iv–4 is correct.
Thus, the correct matching is i-1, ii-2, iii-3, iv-4.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-3 PAGE NO.-23 to 26)
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25. Which of the following statements is incorrect (with reference to trade in the Harappan civilization)?
Answer: B
The trade system of the Harappan civilization was highly developed and extensive. It was not limited to the local level but extended to distant regions, involving both internal and external trade.
Option A is correct because Harappans imported raw materials such as copper, gold, silver, and precious stones from various regions, showing a wide trade network.
Option C is also correct because copper was obtained from regions like Rajasthan and Oman, indicating international contacts.
Option D is correct because tin, required for making bronze, was imported from Iran and Afghanistan.
Option B is incorrect because it states that trade was limited only to the local level, whereas in reality, Harappan trade extended across regions and even internationally.
These trade activities reflect not only economic development but also the advanced understanding of resource exchange among the people of that time.
Thus, the incorrect statement is option B.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-3 PAGE NO.-28)
26. Consider the following statements (with reference to town planning of the Harappan civilization):
I. Roads were constructed in such a way that they intersected each other at right angles.
II. Drains were made of baked bricks and were covered.
III. All houses were made only of wood.
Code:-
Answer: A
The most important feature of the Harappan civilization was its advanced urban planning. The cities were based on a well-organized grid system, where roads intersected each other at right angles (90°). This divided the entire city into well-planned blocks, making movement and administration easier. Hence, statement I is correct.
Along with this, the drainage system was highly developed. Wastewater from houses was carried out through well-built drains made of baked bricks. These drains were covered and had provisions for regular cleaning. This reflects the awareness of cleanliness among the people. Hence, statement II is also correct.
Statement III is incorrect because houses were mainly constructed using baked bricks, not wood alone. Wood was used only as a supporting material, while bricks were the primary construction material.
Thus, only I and II are correct.
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27. Arrange the following events in correct chronological order (earliest to latest):
1. Beginning of agriculture
2. Development of cities
3. Hunting and food-gathering life
4. Development of long-distance trade
Answer: A
The development of human civilization took place in different stages over time. In the earliest stage, human life was based on hunting and food gathering. Therefore, 3 comes first.
After that, agriculture developed when humans learned to grow crops and produce food. This provided stability in food supply, so 1 comes next.
With the development of agriculture, people began to settle permanently, leading to the development of cities. This marked the growth of social and administrative structures, so 2 comes third.
Finally, with increased production, trade expanded, especially long-distance trade. Therefore, 4 comes last.
Thus, the correct order is 3 → 1 → 2 → 4.
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28. Match the following correctly (Harappan sites and features):
List I (Site) List II (Feature)
i. Mohenjo-daro 1. Great Bath
ii. Lothal 2. Port (Dockyard)
iii. Kalibangan 3. Fire altars
iv. Dholavira 4. Division into three parts
Code:-
Answer: A
Different archaeological sites of the Harappan civilization are known for their distinct features, which help us understand the social, religious, and economic life of that time.
Mohenjo-daro is famous for the “Great Bath,” which was likely used for religious or public bathing purposes. Hence, i–1 is correct.
Lothal was an important trade center where a dockyard has been found, indicating maritime trade. Hence, ii–2 is correct.
Kalibangan has yielded evidence of fire altars, which may have been used for rituals. Hence, iii–3 is correct.
Dholavira is known for its unique feature of being divided into three parts, which distinguishes it from other Harappan cities. Hence, iv–4 is correct.
Thus, the correct matching is i-1, ii-2, iii-3, iv-4.
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29. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
Answer: C
The Harappan civilization was a developed urban civilization with a variety of occupations and activities.
Option A is correct because bricks used in the Harappan civilization were standardized (such as in the ratio 1:2:4), reflecting advanced construction techniques.
Option B is also correct because a script was used, which is found on seals and other objects, although it has not yet been fully deciphered.
Option D is correct because craftsmen were an important part of the society. They produced beads, ornaments, tools, and other goods necessary for trade and daily life.
Option C is incorrect because the society had multiple occupations such as farmers, traders, craftsmen, and scribes. If all people were engaged in only one occupation, such a developed civilization would not have been possible.
Thus, the correct answer is C.
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30. Consider the following statements (with reference to the decline of the Harappan civilization):
I. Floods in some areas damaged the cities.
II. Changes in river courses affected agriculture.
III. All cities were suddenly destroyed at the same time.
Code:-
Answer: A
There are different views among historians regarding the causes of the decline of the Harappan civilization, but several possible reasons have been identified.
Statement I is correct because evidence of repeated floods has been found in some regions, which may have damaged city structures and forced people to leave.
Statement II is also correct because changes in river courses or drying up of rivers had a serious impact on agriculture. Since the civilization depended on agriculture, this directly affected life.
Statement III is incorrect because all cities did not collapse suddenly at the same time. The decline occurred gradually in different regions at different times.
Thus, only I and II are correct.
31. Consider the following statements (with reference to the water management system of the Harappan civilization):
I. A large number of wells have been found in Harappan cities.
II. The drainage system was unorganized and made of raw materials.
III. Drains from houses were connected to main drains.
Code:-
Answer: A
One of the most remarkable features of the Harappan civilization was its advanced water management system, which was highly developed and scientific compared to other civilizations of that time.
Statement I is correct because a large number of wells have been found in Harappan cities. Almost every house or neighborhood had access to water through wells, indicating planned utilization of water resources.
Statement II is incorrect because the drainage system was highly developed and well-constructed. Drains were made of baked bricks and were covered, ensuring proper sanitation and hygiene.
Statement III is correct because smaller drains from houses were connected to larger main drains, forming an organized drainage network that ensured efficient disposal of wastewater.
Thus, only statements I and III are correct.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-3 PAGE NO.-23)
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32. Which of the following statements is incorrect (with reference to the writing system of the Harappan civilization)?
Answer: C
The writing system of the Harappan civilization still remains a mystery for historians and archaeologists. It has not yet been fully deciphered, leaving many aspects of Harappan society unclear.
Option A is correct because the Harappan script is still undeciphered despite many attempts.
Option B is also correct because the script is mainly found on seals, clay tablets, and small objects used in trade and administration.
Option D is correct because the symbols of the Harappan script are small and pictographic, often depicting animals and signs.
Option C is incorrect because no long written texts such as books or manuscripts have been found from the Harappan civilization. The writing is limited to short inscriptions.
Thus, option C is the incorrect statement.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-3 PAGE NO.-25 to 27)
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33. Arrange the following events in chronological order (with reference to the development of the Harappan civilization):
1. Decline of cities
2. Expansion of trade
3. Construction of cities
4. Stabilization of agriculture
Answer: A
To understand the development of the Harappan civilization, it is necessary to examine the sequence of its economic and social changes.
First, agriculture became stable (4). When humans adopted agriculture permanently, they began to get a regular food supply and started settling in one place.
Next, cities were constructed (3). With permanent settlements, people developed well-planned urban centers with roads, houses, and drainage systems.
After that, trade expanded (2). With increased production, people began exchanging goods and importing raw materials from distant regions.
Finally, cities declined (1) due to various reasons such as environmental changes, resource scarcity, and administrative weaknesses.
Thus, the correct sequence is 4 → 3 → 2 → 1.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-3 PAGE NO.-22 to 31)
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34. Match the following correctly (Raw materials and their sources):
List I (Raw Material) List II (Source)
i. Copper 1. Karnataka
ii. Gold 2. Rajasthan
iii. Tin 3. Iran/Afghanistan
iv. Precious stones 4. Gujarat
Code:-
Answer: A
The economic life of the Harappan civilization was not limited to local resources but depended on the import of raw materials from distant regions.
Copper (i) was mainly obtained from Rajasthan, so i–2 is correct. Copper was also imported from Oman, showing international trade.
Gold (ii) was brought from the Karnataka region, so ii–1 is correct. Gold was used for making ornaments and symbolized status.
Tin (iii) was imported from Iran and Afghanistan, so iii–3 is correct. Tin was mixed with copper to make bronze.
Precious stones (iv) were obtained from regions including Gujarat, so iv–4 is correct. These were used to make beads and ornaments.
Thus, the correct matching is i-2, ii-1, iii-3, iv-4.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-3 PAGE NO.-28)
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35. Which of the following statements is incorrect (with reference to the decline of the Harappan civilization)?
Answer: C
The decline of the Harappan civilization is one of the most important and complex topics in history. It did not occur due to a single reason but was the result of multiple factors.
Option A is correct because some scholars believe that drying up or shifting of rivers led to water scarcity, affecting the civilization.
Option B is also correct because deforestation could have been a significant cause. Large amounts of wood were required for baking bricks, leading to environmental imbalance.
Option D is correct because geological changes such as earthquakes or land shifts could have contributed to the decline.
Option C is incorrect because it states that the decline occurred due to only one reason, whereas in reality, it was caused by multiple factors such as environmental changes, resource depletion, and weakening administration.
Thus, the incorrect statement is option C.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-3 PAGE NO.-30 & 31)
36. Consider the following statements (with reference to the social organization of the Harappan civilization):
I. Various types of craftsmen and specialists existed in Harappan society.
II. All people performed the same type of work.
III. Division of labour existed in society.
Code:-
Answer: A
The social structure of the Harappan civilization was highly developed and organized, appearing more complex than many contemporary societies. Archaeological evidence clearly indicates the presence of different groups of people engaged in various occupations, suggesting a well-defined system of division of labour.
Statement I is correct because specialized craftsmen existed in Harappan society. These individuals were trained in specific skills such as bead making, metal work, seal carving, and pottery. This shows the presence of occupational specialization.
Statement II is incorrect because all people did not perform the same work. If that were the case, such advanced craftsmanship and trade activities would not have been possible.
Statement III is correct because division of labour was an important feature of Harappan society. Different groups were engaged in construction, trade, craftsmanship, and possibly administrative work.
Thus, only statements I and III are correct.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-3 PAGE NO.-27)
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37. Which of the following statements is incorrect (with reference to housing in the Harappan civilization)?
Answer: C
The housing pattern of the Harappan civilization reflects a highly developed and well-organized urban system. Houses were mainly constructed using baked bricks, which ensured strength and durability.
Option A is correct because most houses were built with baked bricks, indicating advanced construction techniques.
Option B is also correct because many houses had more than one room, suggesting a complex family and social structure.
Option D is correct because several houses had courtyards, which were useful for light and ventilation, showing architectural understanding.
Option C is incorrect because houses were not uniform in size and type. Some were large and complex, while others were smaller and simpler, reflecting social and economic diversity.
Thus, option C is the incorrect statement.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-3 PAGE NO.-23)
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38. Arrange the following events in chronological order (with reference to the economic development of the Harappan civilization):
1. Import of raw materials
2. Development of craft production
3. Increase in agricultural production
4. Expansion of trade network
Answer: A
To understand the economic development of the Harappan civilization, it is necessary to examine the gradual progression of production, resources, and trade.
First, agricultural production increased (3). With stable agriculture, food availability improved, and surplus production became possible.
Next, craft production developed (2). With surplus food, some people could engage in other activities like crafts, leading to specialization.
After that, the import of raw materials began (1). Craftsmen required materials like copper, gold, and stones, which were brought from distant regions.
Finally, the trade network expanded (4). As production and exchange increased, trade spread to distant areas.
Thus, the correct sequence is 3 → 2 → 1 → 4.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-3 PAGE NO.-26 to 28)
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39. Match the following correctly (Crafts and products of the Harappan civilization):
List I (Craft) List II (Product)
i. Bead making 1. Ornaments
ii. Pottery 2. Red ware
iii. Metal craft 3. Tools
iv. Seal making 4. Trade marks
Code:-
Answer: A
Crafts and industries in the Harappan civilization were highly developed, producing a wide range of goods for both local use and trade.
Bead making (i) produced ornaments (1), made from stone, shell, and faience, which were finely crafted.
Pottery (ii) produced red ware (2), often decorated with black designs, reflecting artistic skills.
Metal craft (iii) produced tools (3) and weapons used in daily life and hunting.
Seal making (iv) produced trade marks (4), which were used for identification and commercial transactions.
Thus, the correct matching is i-1, ii-2, iii-3, iv-4.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-3 PAGE NO.-25 to 27)
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40. Which of the following statements is incorrect (with reference to the economic life of the Harappan civilization)?
Answer: C
The economic life of the Harappan civilization was diverse and highly developed, including agriculture, craft production, and trade.
Option A is correct because trade was a major economic activity, involving exchange of goods and long-distance connections.
Option B is correct because raw materials such as copper, gold, and precious stones were imported from regions like Rajasthan, Karnataka, Iran, and Afghanistan.
Option D is correct because craft production, including beads, pottery, and metal tools, was an important part of economic life.
Option C is incorrect because it limits economic activity to agriculture only, whereas the Harappan economy was multi-dimensional.
Thus, the incorrect statement is option C.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-3 PAGE NO.-26 to 28)
41. Which of the following statements is incorrect with reference to the town planning of the Harappan civilization?
Answer: C
The town planning of the Harappan civilization is considered one of the earliest and most advanced in the world. It reflects not only architectural skill but also scientific thinking, organization, and administrative efficiency.
Option A is correct because the streets were laid out in a grid pattern, intersecting each other at right angles, which made movement and management easier.
Option B is also correct because drains were covered, indicating awareness of sanitation. Smaller drains from houses were connected to larger main drains, and regular cleaning systems existed.
Option D is correct because cities were systematically planned with a clear division between the citadel (upper part) and the lower town, reflecting administrative and social organization.
Option C is incorrect because all houses were not of the same size or structure. Some houses were large with multiple rooms, while others were smaller, indicating social and economic differences.
Thus, option C is the incorrect statement.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-3 PAGE NO.-23)
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42. Which of the following statements is correct with reference to the trade relations of the Harappan civilization?
Answer: C
The economic structure of the Harappan civilization was highly developed, and trade played a crucial role in it. The civilization was not limited to local production and consumption but had connections with distant regions, forming a wide trade network.
Option C is correct because archaeological evidence shows that Harappan trade extended to West Asia (such as Mesopotamia), Oman, Iran, and Afghanistan. Raw materials like copper, tin, gold, and precious stones were imported from these regions.
Options A and B are incorrect because they limit trade, whereas in reality, the Harappans were actively involved in inter-regional and international trade.
Option D is also incorrect because trade was a key component of the Harappan economy. Seals, weights, and granaries provide evidence of organized and controlled trade.
Port cities like Lothal further prove the existence of maritime trade.
Thus, the correct answer is option C.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-3 PAGE NO.-28)
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43. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
Answer: C
In the Harappan civilization, standardization played an important role in managing trade and economic activities. One of the best examples of this is the use of standardized weights.
Option A is correct because weights followed a fixed standard in terms of size and measurement, ensuring fairness in trade transactions.
Option B is also correct because weights were commonly made of chert stone, which is strong and durable.
Option D is correct because these weights were mainly used in trade to measure goods like metals, grains, and other commodities accurately.
Option C is incorrect because weights were not used for religious purposes but for economic activities.
Thus, it is clear that the Harappan trade system was organized and scientific.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-3 PAGE NO.-26)
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44. Select the incorrect statement:
Answer: C
The architecture of the Harappan civilization was highly advanced and organized, reflecting its technical knowledge and administrative system.
Option A is correct because baked bricks were widely used, ensuring strength and durability of structures.
Option B is also correct because standardization in construction is clearly visible. The size of bricks and building styles were uniform, indicating planned construction.
Option D is correct because cities had fortifications and walls, indicating security and administrative control.
Option C is incorrect because not all buildings were made of raw bricks. In fact, baked bricks were widely used and were more significant.
Thus, the architecture of the Harappan civilization reflects its advanced technological capabilities.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-3 PAGE NO.-23)
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45. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
Answer: B
The script of the Harappan civilization was an important part of its cultural and administrative life, but it has not yet been fully deciphered.
Option A is correct because a writing system existed and is found on seals, copper objects, and other artifacts.
Option C is also correct because writing is not limited to stones but is found on seals, clay objects, and metals.
Option D is correct because the Harappan script remains undeciphered, and its exact meaning and language are still unknown.
Option B is incorrect because it restricts writing only to stones, whereas it was found on multiple materials.
Thus, the Harappan script remains mysterious and continues to be a subject of research.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-3 PAGE NO.-25)
46. Which of the following statements is correct with reference to food production in the Harappan civilization?
Answer: B
In the Harappan civilization, the economic life was based on agriculture and animal husbandry, showing a clear division of work between rural and urban areas. People living in cities were mainly craftsmen, traders, scribes, and administrators, while those in rural areas were engaged in farming and cattle rearing.
Option B is correct because food produced by farmers and pastoralists in rural areas was supplied to the people living in cities. This indicates a well-organized economic system where production and consumption were managed by different groups.
Option A is incorrect because city dwellers did not produce their own food; they depended on rural producers.
Option C is incorrect because agriculture was the backbone of the Harappan economy. Crops like wheat, barley, pulses, peas, rice, sesame, and mustard were cultivated.
Option D is also incorrect because hunting was only a supplementary activity, not the main source of food.
Thus, it is clear that rural and urban life were interdependent in the Harappan civilization.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-3 PAGE NO.-31)
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47. Match the following correctly:
List I List II
a. Plough 1. Irrigation
b. Irrigation 2. Sowing seeds
c. Animal husbandry 3. Source of food
d. Hunting 4. Additional food
Code:-
Answer: A
In the Harappan civilization, agriculture and related practices played a very important role. The plough was used for tilling the land and sowing seeds, making farming more efficient. Hence, a–2 is correct.
Irrigation was used to supply water to crops, especially in areas with low rainfall. This ensured continuous crop growth, so b–1 is correct.
Animal husbandry was an important source of food, providing milk, meat, and other products. Hence, c–3 is correct.
Hunting was a supplementary activity that provided additional food when needed, so d–4 is correct.
This matching shows that agriculture, animal husbandry, and other activities were interconnected and formed a balanced economic system.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-3 PAGE NO.-31)
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48. Arrange the following events in chronological order:
1. Development of agriculture
2. Use of irrigation techniques
3. Development of cities
4. Expansion of trade activities
Answer: A
To understand the development of human civilization, it is necessary to examine the sequence of economic activities.
First, agriculture developed (1), providing a stable food source and enabling people to settle in one place.
Next, irrigation techniques (2) were introduced to ensure water supply, especially in regions with low rainfall.
After that, cities developed (3) due to stable life and surplus production.
Finally, trade activities expanded (4) as production increased and goods were exchanged over long distances.
Thus, the correct order is 1 → 2 → 3 → 4.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-3 PAGE NO.-31 & 32)
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49. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
Answer: C
Lothal was an important city of the Harappan civilization, located in present-day Gujarat, and it was a major center of maritime trade.
Option A is correct because Lothal functioned as a port city involved in sea trade.
Option B is also correct because a large dockyard has been discovered there, proving the existence of advanced maritime activities.
Option D is correct because Lothal was a major center of trade and industry, where goods made of stone, metal, and shell were produced and exported.
Option C is incorrect because Lothal was not known only for agriculture; its main importance lies in trade and industrial activities.
Thus, Lothal is a key example of economic and trade development in the Harappan civilization.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-3 PAGE NO.-32)
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50. Consider the following statements:
I. Seals in the Harappan civilization were used for identification of goods.
II. The impression of a seal is called a “sealing.”
III. If the sealing remained intact, the goods were considered secure.
Code:-
Answer: C
Seals in the Harappan civilization were an important tool for trade and administrative control. They were used to identify goods and ensure their security.
Statement I is correct because seals were used to mark goods, indicating ownership or origin.
Statement II is also correct because when a seal was pressed on wet clay, the impression formed is called a “sealing.”
Statement III is correct because if the sealing remained intact, it meant that the goods had not been tampered with and were safely delivered.
This system can be considered an early form of modern packaging and security mechanisms, showing that trade in the Harappan civilization was highly organized and secure.
Thus, all three statements are correct.
(CLASS-6 CHAPTER-3 PAGE NO.-32)